Toxicology

Specialized, Customized or Surgical Pharmacology

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Do you have a special study or special problem or an unusual surgical study? CBI can help!

There is often a need for specialized and complex pharmacology-toxicology-pharmacokinetic studies, generally to address unanticipated or unusual toxicologic or pharmacological events or to conduct efficacy or pharmacology studies that are of a novel, difficult or unusual nature. These studies are directed, hypothesis driven, and may have specialized or unusual techniques or methods. In some cases they are requested by the FDA or by clinicians. If you have such a problem, the skilled scientists at CBI can facilitate the protocol development as well as the conduct of these novel, difficult and specialized projects.

Special Studies - Pharmacology

CT scan, dog with intracerebral dosing of chemotherapeutic agent. Note lesion on left side of skull.

Intrathecal Dosing Studies

CBI provides highly specialized administration of chemotherapeutics, analgesics, or other therapeutic agents intrathecally by single dose or infusion via intrathecal catheterization to small animals or dogs. CBI provides this highly specialized model in collaboration with Maccine, LLC, in cynomolgus monkeys as well. The activity, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of test articles may be determined in either a GLP or nonGLP environment and may include assessments such as clinical neurologic parameters, clinical pathology, toxicokinetics, CT scanning, PCR, CSF analysis, and complete histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

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Anesthesia-induced Cerebral Toxicity in Neonates

Anesthetic agents may induce neuroapoptosis and other types of cerebral toxicity in fetuses and neonates. CBI provides this highly specialized model of anesthesia toxicity in rodents and in collaboration with Maccine, LLC, in cynomolgus monkeys. Brains from treated fetuses are extensively examined using immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry to assess the extent of neuroapotosis. Photomicrographs demonstrating ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis and a normal fetal brain are presented.

TUNEL staining:  Untreated fetus TUNEL staining
TUNEL staining: Untreated fetus: Fetus there are neuroapoptotic cells in the frontal cortex. TUNEL staining: Ketamine-treated fetus there are large numbers of neuroapoptic cells present in Lamina II in the frontal cortex.

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Stereotaxic and Intracerebral Administration of Chemotherapeutic in Rodents and Dogs

CBI provides highly specialized administration of chemotherapeutics intracerebrally either by surgical stereotaxic injection or by local administration to rodents, rabbits and dogs. This route of administration is appropriate for assessment of therapeutic modalities for brain tumors such as glioblastoma. In rodents, intracerebral tumors may be induced and treated. In dog and rabbits, the effects of test article administration directly into the neuropyl may be determined. The activity of small molecules and biologics may be determined in either a GLP or nonGLP environment and may include assessments such as clinical neurologic parameters, clinical pathology, toxicokinetics, CT scanning, CSF analysis, PCR, and complete histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

For more information, contact CBI